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IPv6 from Scratch: Designing the Next Generation Internet Protocol

Content Introduction

This guide approaches IPv6 as a completely new protocol design, covering 128-bit addressing, address notation, protocol types (TCPv6, UDPv6, ICMPv6), address scopes, and practical implementation without relying on IPv4 knowledge.

Key Information

  • 1IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (16 bytes) providing 2^128 possible addresses
  • 2Address notation: 8 groups of 4 hex digits separated by colons, with zero compression using ::
  • 3Three main protocols: TCPv6 (reliable), UDPv6 (fast), ICMPv6 (control)
  • 4Four address scopes: Global, Unique Local, Link Local, and Localhost
  • 5Nodes can have multiple IPv6 addresses simultaneously for different scopes
  • 6Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) allows self-generated addresses

Content Keywords

#IPv6 Address Format

128-bit addresses written as 8 hex groups with colon separation and zero compression

#IPv6 Protocols

TCPv6 for reliable delivery, UDPv6 for fast transmission, ICMPv6 for network control

#Address Scopes

Global (internet), Unique Local (private), Link Local (subnet), Localhost (self)

#SLAAC

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration - self-generating unique IPv6 addresses

#IPv6 Subnetting

First 64 bits for network identification, last 64 bits for interface addressing

Related Questions and Answers

Q1.Why is IPv6 designed with 128-bit addresses instead of smaller sizes?

A: 128 bits provide an enormous address space (2^128 addresses) ensuring virtually unlimited unique addresses for all devices worldwide, unlike smaller sizes that would quickly be exhausted.

Q2.How does IPv6 address notation and compression work?

A: IPv6 addresses use 8 groups of 4 hex digits separated by colons. Leading zeros in groups can be omitted, and consecutive zero groups can be compressed to :: (but only once per address).

Q3.What are the different IPv6 protocols and when is each used?

A: TCPv6 for reliable data transfer (like web browsing), UDPv6 for fast, loss-tolerant communication (like video streaming), and ICMPv6 for network management and control messages.

Q4.Why do IPv6 nodes have multiple addresses simultaneously?

A: Nodes maintain addresses for different scopes: localhost (::1), link-local (fe80::), unique-local (fc00::/7), and global addresses, allowing optimized communication within appropriate network boundaries.

Q5.How does IPv6 handle subnetting and network organization?

A: The first 64 bits typically identify the network (with 48 bits for ISP routing and 16 bits for subnetting), while the last 64 bits identify the specific interface, allowing generous address allocation and efficient routing.

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